In many cases, because of microchimerism, the mother passes away within a month of giving birth to a child due to autoimmune responses. In such forms of chimerism, the mother absorbs some DNA from the fetus during pregnancy or vice versa. However, a comparatively common but minor form of chimerism that takes place in more than 80% of pregnancies is called microchimerism.
And then, after investigation turns out Lydia had chimerism too for which she had two sets of DNA in her body of which one (of the blood) didn’t match with her children.Ĭoming to the main discussion, what is chimerism? And how does a person with chimerism have completely different sets of DNA inside their body? Human Chimerism is a very rare medical phenomenon with more or less 100 cases till now around the world where one person bears more than one set of DNA in the body. After Lydia’s attorney learned about Karen, she appealed that her client might have similar issues. This is due to a phenomenon called “Chimerism”. But how can one person have two different sets of DNA? To solve this mystery, several DNA samples from different organs of Karen were collected by the doctors from which the DNA from the thyroid tissue surprisingly matched with the children’s DNA. When her children volunteered to donate their kidneys to their mother, the blood test revealed that the DNA samples in the blood of the mother didn’t match with any of her children, just like in the case of Lydia. What kept the case still going was the witness of Lydia’s children’s birth that included the doctors, nurses, and Lydia’s mother who were present during her children’s birth.Ĭoincidentally, in a similar time, another mother named Karen Keegan living in Boston needed a kidney transplant. For this, she had to face several legal allegations which took her to the family court as well and she was almost about to lose her children’s custody as the scientific proofs were all against her. But every time the results showed that Lydia was not her children’s parent, but the children’s father was. To confirm the results, multiple other DNA tests from different labs were taken. But in Lydia’s case, her DNA samples weren’t even close to 50% of any of her children. The DNA samples of a mother and a child should match about 50% to confirm their relationship. Shockingly, the reports of the DNA test required for the application process revealed that Lydia was not the mother of her children since their DNA samples didn’t match. Twenty-four years after its introduction, the term torsades de pointes has now become a chimera and is best abandoned.In the year 2002, a single mother of three named Lydia Fairchild who was separated from her children’s father applied for government aid from the state of Washington for her children. The latter term should be used as one might use the term acute myocardial ischemia, i.e., to denote an underlying condition it should not be used to define the arrhythmia itself. I believe that there is strong case for ventricular tachyarrhythmias to be classified simply as tachycardia or fibrillation, with the optional use of the term delayed repolarization syndrome in cases where a long QT interval is present. I have put forward some suggestions with the objective of answering this question, using the Lambeth Conventions as a guide. For those more concerned with arrhythmias than with syndromes, the key issue to be determined is what to call the arrhythmia that is part of the syndrome. If this is the case, then torsades de pointes is a syndrome, not an arrhythmia. However, this has been reinterpreted to mean that a specific set of antecedent conditions (such as hypokalemia) are part of the definition of torsades de pointes. It was originally described as occurring in certain settings (e.g., hypokalemia). However, torsades de pointes has been reinterpreted and redefined by Dessertenne's successors. In his seminal work, Dessertenne coined the term torsades de pointes to describe an arrhythmia with unusual features.
Measurement and quantification require that a variable has an objective definition that is both inclusive and exclusive. This is the fundamental prerequisite for any variable to be of value as an endpoint in an investigation. Both from the clinical and nonclinical standpoint, it is of overriding importance that torsades de pointes be amenable to measurement and quantification. In this article I have attempted to explain why this is so. What is torsades de pointes? Is it an arrhythmia or a syndrome? The distinction is critical.
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